Most footballers are known by their last name, even if they are also identifiable by their first.
Everyone can recognise Lionel as Messi and Cristiano as Ronaldo, for example, but the use of their last names remains more common.
There are some players, however, who are known exclusively or much more often by just their first name. Particularly in Brazil and quite often in Portugal and also Spain.
Here, a look at some notable examples from the men's game...
32. Malcom
Malcom might seem an unlikely name for a footballer, but the former Barcelona player is a talented winger who has represented Brazil at international level.
Malcom Filipe Silva de Oliveira played for Corinthians and Bordeaux before joining Barcelona in 2018, but moved to Zenit Saint Petersburg after just a season at Camp Nou. The winger then signed for Saudi Pro League side Al-Hilal in 2023.
31. Fred
Fred spent five years at Manchester United before moving to Fenerbahce in the summer of 2023 and has been a Brazilian international since 2014.
The midfielder had spells at Internacional and Shakhtar Donetsk earlier in his career. His full name is Frederico Rodrigues de Paula Santos, but he goes by just Fred.
30. Jesé
Jesé Rodríguez Ruiz was tipped for big things early in his Real Madrid career, with some even talking about the winger as a future Ballon d'Or winner.
Known simply as Jesé, the attacker's progress was interrupted by injuries. He went on to play for Paris Saint-Germain and had a series of spells out on loan, but was never able to recapture his early form.
29. Emerson
After a successful spell with Gremio at the beginning of his career, Emerson played for Bayer Leverkusen, Roma, Juventus, Real Madrid and AC Milan.
Capped 73 times by Brazil, the defensive midfielder was born Emerson Ferreira da Rosa but was known throughout his career as just Emerson.
28. Ricardo
Ricardo won 79 caps for Portugal and was the starter for his national team in three consecutive tournaments: Euro 2004, the 2006 World Cup and Euro 2008.
The former Boavista, Sporting CP and Real Betis goalkeeper, full name Ricardo Alexandre Martins Soares Pereira, also had a brief spell at Leicester City.
27. Fran
A left-sided midfielder who won 16 caps for Spain, Francisco Javier González Pérez was Deportivo La Coruña's captain and a key member of the side which claimed La Liga in 1999/2000.
Known throughout his career as Fran, the midfielder spent his entire career at Deportivo, retiring in 2005 after 17 seasons at Riazor.
26. Gabriel
When Arsenal signed Gabriel Jesus from Manchester City in the summer of 2022, it meant there were three Gabriels – all Brazilians – at the north London club.
But while Gabriel Jesus and fellow forward Gabriel Martinelli are known by their full names, defender Gabriel Magalhães is referred to simply as Gabriel.
25. Willian
Willian won 70 caps for Brazil between 2011 and 2019 and also had a long spell at Chelsea, where he was part of two Premier League title triumphs.
The attacking midfielder, full name Willian Borges da Silva, later had spells at Arsenal, first club Corinthians and Fulham. He also spent six years at Shakhtar Donetsk earlier in his career.
24. Miguel
Born in Lisbon of Bissau-Guinean and Cape Verdean descent, Luís Miguel Brito Garcia Monteiro played as a right-back or a winger between 1999 and 2012.
Best remembered for long spells at Benfica and Valencia and for his international career with Portugal, Miguel won 59 caps between 2003 and 2010.
23. Juan
A Brazilian footballer with a Spanish first name, Juan won 79 caps for the Seleção between 2001 and 2010.
The centre-back, full name Juan Silveira dos Santos, started and finished his career at Flamengo and also had spells at Bayer Leverkusen, Roma and Internacional. He won the Copa America with Brazil in 2004 and 2007.
22. Marcos
Marcos spent his entire career at Palmeiras and was in goal for Brazil as Luiz Felipe Scolari's side won the World Cup in 2002.
Born Marcos Roberto Silveira dos Reis, the goalkeeper won 29 caps for Brazil between 1996 and 2012. He almost joined Arsenal after Palmeiras were relegated in 2002, but had a change of heart and ended up staying at the Sao Paulo club.
21. Maicon
One of Brazil's best-ever right-backs, Maicon earned 76 caps for his national team and was part of the Inter team which won the treble under Jose Mourinho in 2010.
The former Roma and Manchester City player's full name is Maicon Douglas Sisenando. His parents had wanted to name him after Michael Douglas, but the registrar made a mistake with the first name. His twin brother was to be called Marlon Brando, but the same employee registered his name as just Marlon.
20. Adrián
Adrián San Miguel del Castillo, known simply as Adrián, began his career at Real Betis before spending six years at West Ham between 2013 and 2019.
The Spanish goalkeeper moved to Liverpool in 2019 as back-up to Alisson Becker and saved a penalty as the Reds beat Chelsea in the UEFA Super Cup in August that year.
19. Eduardo
Eduardo Alves da Silva was born in Brazil but played international football for Croatia and scored an impressive 29 goals in 64 appearances for the European nation.
The striker, known as Eduardo, took Croatian citizenship during a spell at Dinamo Zagreb early in his career. He also spent three years at Arsenal but missed one due to a serious injury sustained in a match against Birmingham City. Later, he played for Shakhtar Donetsk and Flamengo, among others.
18. Raí
Raí is the brother of Brazil legend Sócrates and the former Paris Saint-Germain attacker was a World Cup winner in 1994, albeit playing something a bit-part role.
Born Raí Souza Vieira de Oliveira, he is known simply as Raí. A legend at Sao Paulo, where he won a Copa Libertadores and an Intercontinental Cup, he became a social activist after his retirement from football.
17. Ederson
Ederson moved to Manchester City from Benfica in the summer of 2017 and the Brazilian quickly became a key player for Pep Guardiola's side.
The goalkeeper, who was born Ederson Santana de Moraes and is known simply by his first name, has been back-up to Alisson Becker for much of his international career.
16. Denílson
Denílson became the world's most expensive player when he moved from Sao Paulo to Real Betis in 1998 for a fee of around £21.5 million.
The winger, full name Denílson de Oliveira Araújo, was also part of Brazil's World Cup-winning squad in 2002, but never lived up to his potential and that lofty fee. He won 60 caps overall and also had spells at Flamengo and Bordeaux.
15. Diego
The name Diego will always be associated with one of the greatest players of all time: Argentina's 1986 World Cup-winning captain Diego Armando Maradona.
And even though the former Napoli great was known as "El Diego" ("the Diego") in Argentina, the rest of the world knew him mostly as Maradona. Later, though, Brazil's Diego Ribas was referred to mainly by his first name in a career spent with Santos, Porto and Atletico Madrid, among others. He was a good player too, but no Maradona...
14. Sócrates
Sócrates (full name Sócrates Brasileiro Sampaio de Souza Vieira e Oliveira) was something of a cult figure in the 1980s. His beard and headband made him unique, while his attitude towards training was lax.
The brilliant midfielder was also a qualified doctor, but liked to drink and smoke. And he had a philosopher's name. Definitely not your average footballer.
13. Memphis
Memphis Depay wears only his first name on the back of his shirt for club and country – and what a name it is, too.
The Dutch attacker's father walked out on the family when he was just four years old and he has revealed he does not want to be known by the Depay name. Memphis sounds better, anyway.
12. Marcelo
Marcelo Vieira da Silva Júnior won five Champions League crowns at Real Madrid and left Los Blancos as the club's most decorated player in 2022.
The left-back, known simply as Marcelo, went on to win the Copa Libertadores with Fluminense in his homeland and won 58 caps for Brazil between 2006 and 2018.
11. Romario
Romário de Souza Faria is one of Brazil's all-time greats and the former Flamengo, Vasco da Gama and Barcelona forward was instrumental in the nation's World Cup win in 1994.
Known simply as Romário, the striker scored over 1,000 goals in his career (according to his numbers, at least) and went into politics after hanging up his boots. And even as a senator in his homeland, he continued to be referred to largely by his first name.
10. James
James Rodríguez has played for the likes of Real Madrid, Bayern Munich and Porto and is widely regarded as Colombia's greatest-ever footballer.
The player's father, Wilson Rodríguez, was also a footballer. But he was not around much in James' childhood, leaving the boy and his mother early on. That is why the number 10 prefers to go by his first name, with James on the back of his shirt for club and country.
9. Adriano
For a short period in the mid-2000s, Adriano Leite Ribeiro (Adriano) might have been the best striker in the world. Unfortunately, his peak did not last too long.
Blighted by personal problems and mental health issues, the former Brazil forward fell into depression and alcoholism following the death of his father. But at his best, he was virtually unstoppable, won trophies with both Flamengo and Inter – and scored 27 goals in 48 games for Brazil.
8. Saúl
One of the best midfielders in LaLiga over the past decade, Saúl Ñíguez is a dependable performer who has also regularly filled in at the back for Atletico Madrid.
With Atletico, Spain and also during his brief spell at Chelsea, the midfielder has worn just his first name on the back of his shirt. Simply Saúl.
7. Alisson
Even though he has A. Becker on the back of his shirt for club and country, Brazil's goalkeeper is known pretty much by everyone as just Alisson.
Before joining Liverpool, the former Internacional goalkeeper played at Roma and in Italy, he had Alisson on the back of his jersey. Nobody refers to him as Becker. He's that tennis player...
6. Dele
Known for years as Dele Alli, the former Tottenham and England attacker later asked to be referred to simply as "Dele".
The midfielder, whose full name is Bamidele Jermaine Alli, changed the name on his shirt from Alli to Dele, revealing he had "no connection" with his family name. Years later, he would go on to give a harrowing account of how he was abused as a child.
5. Joaquín
Joaquín Sánchez is a legend at Real Betis, where he played across two spells and retired at the age of almost 42, and also one of Spanish football's great characters.
Always telling jokes, the former Spain winger was famously photographed in the nude amid celebrations of a Copa del Rey win at Valencia and claimed in an interview that he was breast-fed until the age of six. After calling former Malaga team-mate Julio Baptista "Hulio" in a clip which went viral as he said his hobby was playing tennis before admitting he had "never picked up a racquet" in his life, he asked La Liga for permission to wear "Hulio" on his shirt. He didn't, but one name was enough: Joaquín.
4. Neymar
Neymar is one of Brazil's all-time great players and the former Barcelona and Paris Saint-Germain forward surpassed Pelé as the nation's top scorer in September 2023.
Neymar da Silva Santos Júnior began his career at Santos, before playing for Barça and PSG and later moving to Saudi Arabian side Al-Hilal. And wherever he goes, he is known simply by his first name.
3. Raúl
While there are other footballers named Raúl, there really is only one Raúl. The former Real Madrid and Spain striker, of course.
The forward, full name Raúl González Blanco, came through the youth system at Atletico Madrid but became a legend at Real Madrid, where he won three Champions Leagues and was the club's all-time top scorer with 323 goals until he was overtaken by Cristiano Ronaldo. On the back of his shirt, the number 7 and simply Raúl.
2. Xavi
Xavi almost left Barcelona in his younger years as he felt huge pressure to replace former team-mate Pep Guardiola. He went on to become the club's greatest-ever midfielder.
His full name is Xavier Hernandez Creus, but he's simply Xavi and that has always been the case since his debut for the Catalan club in 1998, through to his role in Spain's successes between 2008 and 2012 and later as Barça coach as well.
1. Ronaldo
Even in a career interrupted by injuries, Ronaldo is widely considered one of the finest footballers of all time.
The legendary Brazil forward won two World Cups, although he did not play in 1994, and featured for some of the world's biggest clubs – including Barcelona, Real Madrid, Inter and AC Milan. His full name is Ronaldo Luís Nazário de Lima. His Brazil team-mate Ronaldo de Assis Moreira became known as Ronaldinho – because Ronaldo was already taken.
