The 31-year-old, currently captaining Chile at the FIFA World Cup, will provide competition for fellow close-season arrival Marc-Andre ter Stegen.
Barcelona were in need of goalkeeping recruits following the departure of long-serving first-choice Victor Valdes and understudy Jose Manuel Pinto.
Bravo featured in all but one of Sociedad's La Liga matches last season, helping them to a seventh-place finish.
His new club will be seeking to improve on a poor campaign that saw them finish without a major trophy, leading Gerardo Martino to leave his role as coach after just one season.
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