The Belgian, who is yet to play competitively for Barca after moving from Arsenal in August, travelled to Finland for an operation on Tuesday.
And the Liga club have confirmed that Vermaelen's procedure was a success, with the 29-year-old expected to be out of action until April.
"First-team player Thomas Vermaelen successfully underwent surgery this Tuesday on the semitendinosus muscle in his right hamstring," a Barca statement read.
"The operation was performed in Finland by Dr Sakari Orava and the recovery period is estimated at approximately four months."
Vermaelen, who is contracted with Barca until 2019, cost a reported transfer fee of €19million.
‘Slot hasn’t come in and changed everything, making it all about himself – it’s been about the players he’s inherited, getting the best out of a system he likes’: Liverpool manager impressing former players with personality and tactical approach
‘We thought we’d signed him, but Chelsea blew us away. I think they signed him so we couldn’t have him, as much as because they really wanted him’: Liverpool actually failed to sign Mohamed Salah in 2014, three years before finally getting the Egyptian
